Figure 11

Arterial pressure pulse line shape (black trace, 10-pulse average), and its second derivative (gray trace), of a 21 y. male athlete collected at the middle phalange of the middle finger. The pulse line shape displays distinct pulsatile features labeled #1, #2, #3. While the #1 is the direct pass due to left ventricular ejection, the rest of the pulse envelope is due to arterial reflections. Indicative of distinct arterial pulse reflection sites is the fact that the reflected wave exhibits pulsatile components (#2, #3, and beyond) that feature comparable temporal extents as the primary ejection-related feature #1. The inversions of the second derivative trace are labeled according to the convention introduced by Takada et. al.